Osteochondrosis is a spine disease characterized by degeneration of an intervertebral disk with a significant reduction in its height, sclerosis of the disk spines and reactive growth in regional osteophytes.
Tissue of cartilage discs affected by osteochondrose is gradually renovated and is converted into the illusion of bones.The sloping disk reduces in size, loses the shorthair properties between the vertebral and begins to press on nerve endings, which leads to the appearance of painful sensations.
The initial phase of osteochondrosis is usually not shown with any unpleasant sensations in spine and can be diagnosed as internal bodies disease, and a true diagnosis is detected only after the transition of numerous tests.
Decorations, cervix, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and common osteochondrosis are different.The most commonly diagnosed lumbar osteochondrose (over 50% of cases), cervical osteochondrosis (more than 25%) and common (about 12%).
The intervertebral disk is a fiberboard.In the middle of the disk, there is a core surrounded by a fibrous ring (tender fabric).The intervertebral disk does not have its own vascular system and therefore eats on the detriment of other tissues.An important source of nutrients for disk is the rear muscles, it is their dystrophy that most often leads to disease development.When raising weights, jumps and other physical effort, discs act as a shock absorber and support the necessary distance between vertebral.Since the greatest load on the lumbar spine, it contains protrusions and intervertebral hernia, which are complications of this disease, are most often formed.
Intervertebral disk protenity- Problems (prolapse) disk without cracks of fibrous rings.
An intervertebral disk hernia- Proluction (prolapse) disk with a rupt fibrous ring and "flow" of the jet core.Especially often, hernia is formed when the spine or during the simultaneous slope and turning the torso to the side, especially if there is a heavy object in your hands.In this position, interverters perceive a very large load, the pressure inside the interverter disc exits, the vertebrae is pressed on one side of the disk and the core is forced to switch to the opposite side and press Fiber Ring.At some point, the fibrous ring does not tolerate such a load, and the disk protrudes (the fibrous ring extends, but it remains entire) or is cleaner) or a pound (fibrous rings and part of the nucleus "flows" through breakthrough).In addition to increasing the load on the spine and create conditions for increasing the pressure on the damaged interverter, hernia increases.
It is very important for the direction of the lodge and the size of the hernia, if a hernine forwards or aside, it can lead to pain and weakened work of some organs, and when the bulk of the spinal cord and damage can be much more serious.If the intervertebral hernia affected the nerve processes or roots of a certain segment of the spine, then it leads to a violation of the body's work, which is responsible for the damaged segment of the spine.Another option is possible: Due to the disk protrusion in one direction, on the opposite side, the distance between vertebral decreases, which leads to the attachment of nerve processes by the vertebral itself.Intervertebral hernia in the lumbar region usually causes leg pain, hernia in the thoracic region contributes to dizziness, heartache, violation of respiratory bodies, etc.The most dangerous intervertebral hernia is greater than 10 mm, severely narrows blood vessels and injured nerve endings, long-term exposure not only to severe pain, but also to the sensitivity loss with the following complications.But the most dangerous lines of interferebral discs, the hernias ready to destroy or separate the fragment, followed by the descent in the spinal channel, which can lead to severe consequences and paralysis of lower extremities.
Causes of osteochondrose
The causes that cause changes in the interfaced discs are not fully studied.People start to feel osteochondrose manifestations most often after 35 years.The development and deterioration of this disease facilitate various back injuries, static and dynamic overloads, as well as vibrations.The older person, the more manifestations are there.But in recent years, more and more people older than 18 to 30 complain about back pain.There are many reasons for the early manifestation of the disease: poor physical training, violation of the position and curvature of spine, flat feet and excess weight.
And so we will highlight the main reasons:
- hereditary (genetic) predisposition;
- Metabolic disorder in the body, infection, intoxication;
- surplus weight, irregular diet (lack of elements and liquids in traces);
- Age-relefined changes;
- Violations of the spine (bruises, fractures);
- Violation of the position, curvature of the spine, hypermobility (instability) of the segments of the spinal column, flat feet;
- Hazardous conditions of the environment;
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Work associated with weight levels, frequent changes in body position (turns, bending and extension, jerk);
- extended exposure to unpleasant positions in a standing position, sitting, lying, when raised and weights are lifted, when performing another work in which the pressure on the discs and the load on the spine increases;
- Excessive physical activity, unevenly developed bone-muscular system;
- Prefecting the spine associated with the diseases of the foot, as well as the result of wearing unpleasant shoes, high heels and pregnancy in women;
- A sharp termination of regular training from professional athletes;
- Nerve surgery, stressful situations, smoking;
- Hypothermia, adverse weather conditions (high humidity at low temperature).
Symptoms characteristic of osteochondrose
Patients who suffer from osteochondrosis complain about the permanent pain in the back, which hollows and feeling pain in the limbs often join.In the absence of adequate treatment, weight loss and atrophy of the limbs occur.
Main symptoms:
- Permanent pain in back pain, a sense of stiffness and pain in the limbs;
- Increased pain during sudden movements, physical effort, weight lifting, coughing and sneezing;
- Reducing the amount of movement, muscular cramps;
- With osteochondrose of cervix: pain in hands, shoulders, headaches;It is possible to develop thus - the corded artery syndrome, which consists of the following complaints: a noise in the head, dizziness, flickering "flies before the eyes in combination with a burning pulsating headache.The cause of the vertebra syndrome may be its spasm in response to the direct irritation of cute plexus due to the growth of bones, hernia disk, the arthrosis of the intervertebral compound and reflex reaction due to spine receptors.The presence of the syndrome of the vertebrae of the arteries may worsen the course of coronary or heart muscle pathology if there are;
- with osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine: chest pain (such as "stake" in the chest), in the heart and other internal bodies;
- With the osteochondrose of the lumbosakrage spine: the pain in the lower back, radiating in the cross, the lower limbs, sometimes in the pelvic authorities;
- Lesia of nerve roots (with kilometers of interverters, bones, spondylolistz, spondylista arthritis): shooting pain and sensitivity, hypotrophy, hypotension, weakness in innervated muscles and reduction of reflexes.
Osteochondrose diagnosis
The preliminary diagnosis is established during the initial testing of the patient.The examination usually implements a neurologist regarding the patient's complaints of local changes, which can manifest in pain, deformation or mobility restriction.The spine is examined in the position of the patient standing, sitting and lying, both at rest and on the go.The level of spine damage is determined by counting the number of vertebrae from certain anatomical sights or according to a separate scheme.
When testing the back is renewed to hold, the structural characteristics of the body (the middle furrow in the back), the vertical shape covering, the vertical protrusion, the winding muscles are located next to the spine.
The feeling of spine allows you to amend inspection data (the presence or absence of deformation), determine the localization, degree and nature of pain.When feeling, the tension of the muscles located next to the spine was also observed, because most injuries and spine diseases are monitored by increasing muscle tone.
The spine flexion is used to determine the amplitude of movement in various parts of the spine.
The main role of the spine was awarded to radiographs, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, with which the level of damage is determined, the diagnosis is stated and concretized, hidden pathologies were discovered.These diagnostics enable the present doctors to determine the treatment tactics and selection of the most efficient treatment methods.
Methods of treatment of osteochondrose and its complications
Healing osteochondroseAnd its complications are carried out by the use of conservative methods aimed at removing pain syndrome, disorders of the function of spinal roots and preventing the progress of dystrophic changes in spine structures.With inefficient conservative treatments and in special indications, surgical treatment (surgical) treatment, the amount of which depends on the level of damage and clinical manifestations of the disease.
The duration of osteochondrose treatment and its complications mainly depends on the severity of disease, age - residential changes, treatment methods, as well as conscientious recipe and doctor's prescription.As the practice shows, the active phase of treatment in most cases lasts 1-3 months when conservative methods are used, and the recovery period is about 1 year.At the beginning of the treatment, in some patients, it is possible to increase the pain syndrome connected to the reaction of the muscle system and other formations on the exposure to the body.The pain stops in a short time physiotherapy procedures, medications, as well as special physical exercises.The result of treatment is largely dependent on the behavior of the patients themselves, on which patience, perseverance, is needed, a certain will, as well as the desire for recovery.The maximum efficiency of conservative therapy and rehabilitation can be achieved in the conditions of specialized medical centers and sanatoriums equipped with a modern diagnostic and therapy basis, as well as highly qualified treatment of muscle-bone system.
Complex conservative treatment includes physiotherapy, physiotherapy, massage, manual therapy, towing, reflexology and drug therapies.
Medical physical education (exercise therapy) - The main method of conservative treatment of the diseases of the muscle-bone system, is the creation of dosed burden on nervous root decompression, increase the strength and development of a certain position, as well as the prevention of complications.This is achieved by regular classes on the rehabilitation equipment and articulated gymnastics.As a result of exercises, blood circulation improves, metabolism and nutrition of intervertebral discs normalize, increasing the intervertebral space, a muscular cord is formed, and the load on the spine has been reduced.
Physiotherapy is the method of treatment that uses physical factors: magnetic fields, magnetic fields, ultrasound, laser, etc.It is used to mitigate pain, inflammatory processes, rehabilitation after injuries and operations.When using physiotherapy methods, the treatment of many diseases decreases, the effectiveness of drug use and reducing their dose increases, no side effects of specific drugs.
Massage is a set of techniques of mechanical dosed effects in the form of friction, pressure, vibration, performed directly on the surface of the human body with hands.Effectively alleviates muscle tension, muscle pain, improves blood circulation, has a general effect of strengthening.
Manual therapy is an individual selected manual effect on bone -muskular system to remove acute and chronic pain in spine and joints, as well as increasing the amount of movement and position and correction of position.One of the hand therapy areas is a visceral hand therapy, which helps renew normal body mobility, improves blood supply, lymphocialization, normalizes the metabolism, renews the dissipation of chronic diseases.
Expansion (traction) spine is an effective method of treating pain syndrome in spine and joints using individually selected load using special equipment.The procedure is focused on increasing the intervertebral space, removing pain and restoration of the anatomical correct shape of the spine.
Reflexology - various therapeutic techniques and methods of influence on the reflector zones of the human body and acupuncture.The use of reflexology in combination with other therapeutic methods significantly increases their efficiency.The most common reflexology is used for osteochondrose, followed by pain, nervous system diseases, sleep disorders, mental imbalances, as well as with excessive weight and curls of tobacco and tobacco.Acting to individual points, the body can lead to a compliance and treat many diseases.
Therapies are listed in the period of deterioration, aimed at stopping pain syndrome, removing the inflammatory process and increasing metabolic processes by getting or administration of medicines using intramuscular or intravenous injections.
Although each of the above methods is very efficient, still persistent therapeutic effect can be obtained only by their combination with teaching at rehabilitation equipment, ie.When creating a full muscle corset.